1. Two Amendments that contain Due Process Clauses:
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The Fifth Amendment: No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the Militia, when in actual service in time of War or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation.
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This amendment garuntees the rights of anyone in a federal trial. They have the right to a fair trial, they cannot be tried twice for the same crime (double jeopardy), they cannot be forced to witness against themself in a trial, and they cannot have their rights violated by the government.
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The Fourteenth Amendment, Section 1. All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.
This amendment applies everything enumerated in the Fifth Amendment, and applies it to the states. Essentially, this gives due process to everyone.
2. Gregg v. Georgia
In Gregg v. Georgia, the Supreme Court decided that the Death Penalty was not unconstitutional. The plaintiff put forth that the Death Penalty constituted 'Cruel and Unusual punishment', illegal under the Eighth Amendment. The Supreme Court disagreed, one justice even said "It is cruel and unusual the same way that being struck by lightning is cruel and unusual." The Death Penalty remains legal to this day. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregg_v._Georgia
3. Enmund v. Florida
Enmund was the getaway driver for a group of robbers. When a robbery went bad and his companions killed two Florida residents, all three of them were tried for first degree murder. Enmund argued that he was not with his partners when the killing happened, as he was outside with the car. He claimed he had no intent to harm or murder the residents. The court agreed, forbidding the jury from trying Enmund on the same charges. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enmund_v._Florida
4. Plessy v. Ferguson:
Established the "separate but equal" doctrine under the Equal Protection Clause of the fourteenth amendment. Stated that it is constitutional for whites and blacks to be separate in public accomodations as long as they are not kept entirely separate (such as riding on the same train but in different cars). http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plessy_v._Ferguson
5. Furman v. Georgia:
This case dealt with the arbitrary use of the death penalty, stating the arbitrary imposition of the dealth penalty constitutes cruel and unusual punishment, and is therefore in violation of the eighth and fourteenth amendments. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Furman_v._Georgia
6. Brown v. Board of Education: Overruled Plassy v Ferguson, stating "separate but equal" facilities (schools) are inherently unequal under the Equal Protection Clause of the fourteenth amendment. This case paved the way for integration in public schools. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brown_v._Board_of_Education
1. Two Amendments that contain Due Process Clauses:
This amendment garuntees the rights of anyone in a federal trial. They have the right to a fair trial, they cannot be tried twice for the same crime (double jeopardy), they cannot be forced to witness against themself in a trial, and they cannot have their rights violated by the government.
This amendment applies everything enumerated in the Fifth Amendment, and applies it to the states. Essentially, this gives due process to everyone.
http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#Am5
http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#Am14
2. Gregg v. Georgia
In Gregg v. Georgia, the Supreme Court decided that the Death Penalty was not unconstitutional. The plaintiff put forth that the Death Penalty constituted 'Cruel and Unusual punishment', illegal under the Eighth Amendment. The Supreme Court disagreed, one justice even said "It is cruel and unusual the same way that being struck by lightning is cruel and unusual." The Death Penalty remains legal to this day.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregg_v._Georgia
3. Enmund v. Florida
Enmund was the getaway driver for a group of robbers. When a robbery went bad and his companions killed two Florida residents, all three of them were tried for first degree murder. Enmund argued that he was not with his partners when the killing happened, as he was outside with the car. He claimed he had no intent to harm or murder the residents. The court agreed, forbidding the jury from trying Enmund on the same charges.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enmund_v._Florida
4. Plessy v. Ferguson:
Established the "separate but equal" doctrine under the Equal Protection Clause of the fourteenth amendment. Stated that it is constitutional for whites and blacks to be separate in public accomodations as long as they are not kept entirely separate (such as riding on the same train but in different cars).
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plessy_v._Ferguson
5. Furman v. Georgia:
This case dealt with the arbitrary use of the death penalty, stating the arbitrary imposition of the dealth penalty constitutes cruel and unusual punishment, and is therefore in violation of the eighth and fourteenth amendments.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Furman_v._Georgia
6. Brown v. Board of Education:
Overruled Plassy v Ferguson, stating "separate but equal" facilities (schools) are inherently unequal under the Equal Protection Clause of the fourteenth amendment. This case paved the way for integration in public schools.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brown_v._Board_of_Education